Java is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented, and secure programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, Inc. in 1991.
Standalone Applications.
Enterprise Applications.
Web Applications.
Mobile Applications.
Compiling is the transformation from Source Code (human readable) into machine code (computer executable). A compiler is a program. A compiler takes the recipe (code) for a new program (written in a high level language) and transforms this Code into a new language (Machine Language) that can be understood by the computer itself.